根據(jù)歐洲2092/91規(guī)定(歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體,EEC),美國(guó)國(guó)家有機(jī)物管理辦法(NOP)，日本農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（JAS） 和CERES標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解釋
1. Group certification:
● Is a necessary tool to allow smallholders access to organic markets
● Requests a high level of commitment and knowledge by the organisation or certificate holder
● Is possible for crop production, animal husbandry, or beekeeping.
1．團(tuán)體認(rèn)證
● 團(tuán)體認(rèn)證是使小農(nóng)戶(hù)得以進(jìn)入有機(jī)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)的重要手段。
● 每個(gè)組織或通過(guò)認(rèn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的組織都必須熟悉團(tuán)體認(rèn)證的相關(guān)知識(shí)而且履行團(tuán)體認(rèn)證規(guī)定的責(zé)任。
● 作物生產(chǎn)、家畜飼養(yǎng)、或養(yǎng)蜂（業(yè)）可以通過(guò)團(tuán)體認(rèn)證

2. Normative framework:
● According to NOP, farmers with less than 5,000 USD annual turnovers can sell organic products without certification; this, however, refers more to smallholders in the USA, who sell directly to consumers. These producers are not allowed to display the USDA-seal.
● In 2003, the EU commission issued a "guidance" for group certification according to (EEC) 2092/91; this document, however, is not legally binding, and different EU member countries may have different positions on this; the paper limits group certification to developing countries as defined by the OECD (http://www.oecd.org/pdf/M00038000/M00038051.pdf).